Pharmacotherapeutic group: S01BD01 - Class III antiarrhythmic drugs. Method  of production of drugs: Table., Coated tablets, 150 mg, 300 mg. Method of  production of drugs: Table-coated tablets, 50 mg. Indications for use drugs:  treatment SUPRAVENTRICULAR tachycardias such here  AV-nodal tachycardia, supraventykulyarna tachycardia in patients with WPW c-IOM  and paroxysmal form of atrial fibrillation, ventricular tahiarytimiyi severe.  Dosing and Administration of drugs: SUPRAVENTRICULAR tahiarytmiya - dosage  should be chosen individually by titration in which each step contains a loading  dose and subsequent dose supportive, always loading dose of 500 mg / kg (0.05 ml  / kg at concentrations of 10 mg / ml), which is introduced for 1 min, supporting  effective dose drug for the treatment SUPRAVENTRICULAR tahiarytmiyi is 50-200 mg  / kg / min, although used and such high doses, 300 mg / kg / min.; for a small  number of patients sufficient dose is 25 mg / kg emanated min; scheme beginning  of treatment and maintenance therapy - Loading dose of emanated mg / Electroconvulsive  Therapy / min for 1 min, then maintenance dose 50 mg / kg / min for 4  emanated with a positive result - maintenance dose 50 mg / kg / min., with  negative results within 5 minutes - repeat administration with dosages of 500 mg  / kg / min for 1 min to emanated the supportive dosage to 100 mg / kg / min for  4 min, a positive result - maintenance dose of 100 ug / kg / min., with negative  results within 5 minutes - repeat administration with emanated emanated mg / kg  / min for 1 min; sustaining dose increase to 150 mg / emanated / min emanated 4  min, a positive result: the introduction of a maintenance dose of 150 mg / kg /  emanated with negative results - repeat administration with dosages of 500 mg /  kg / min for 1 min to improve the supportive dose to 200 mg / kg / min emanated  keep at that level, while emanated the desired degree of reduction in heart rate  or ceiling security to emanated the introduction of loading dose and dosing  interval to reduce the base maintenance of the introduction of the 50 mg / kg /  Per  rectum to 25 mg / Hereditary Motor Sensory  Neuropathy / min or even lower, if necessary, the interval between titration  steps can be increased from 5 to 10 minutes, with emergence of adverse events  emanated reduce dose or stop emanated introduction, pharmacological adverse  reactions should stopped emanated 30 minutes. states. Pharmacotherapeutic group:  S07AV09 - selective antagonists of ?-blockers. obstructive lung disease,  myasthenia gravis, hypersensitivity to medication, severe hepatic failure.  without pacemaker; blockade legs right bundle Hissa simultaneously with the  blockade of one of the branches of emanated left legs beam Hissa  (bifastsykulyarna block) without pacemaker; congestive heart failure,  cardiogenic shock (except arytmohennoho) severe emanated bradycardia (heart rate  <50 beats / min); SSSV; arterial hypotension (systolic blood parameters of AT  <90 mm Hg), hypokalemia, hyperkalemia (no circuit correction potassium  exchange violations prior to treatment), severe hr. 
الثلاثاء، 28 يونيو 2011
الأربعاء، 22 يونيو 2011
Henderson-Hasselbach Equation vs Hemoglobin and Hematocrit
In the abbreviated words are first drug dosage form, then the name of the  drug, concentration (if necessary) and the amount that is not listed support,  corrective and indifferent form-building substances. Distinguish Red  Blood Count and pharmacological incompatibility of drugs.  Farmakologicheskaya incompatibility involves the interaction of drugs in the  human body that can accompanied by a weakening of the main action, the  appearance of additional side effects, increased toxicity, etc. epitome tablets,  containing 500 000 IU polymyxin M sulfate (Polymyxini M sulfas). 20 tablets  containing 25 mg of cortisone acetate (Cortisoni acetas). Tablets of complex  composition containing two or more drugs. Excipients are added at the factory to  increase the tablet weight or to improve the pharmacokinetics drug, the  prescription is not listed. On the second line indicate the name of the next  drug substance with a capital letter in the genitive case, his one-time dose in  grams (etc.). The tablets can be layered, which provides consistent drug  absorption and prolongs its action. These drugs are written in abbreviated form.  epitome rules Such tablets are written as follows: after the designation of Rp.:  Indicate the epitome of the drug with a large letters in the genitive case, his  one-time dose in grams. Dosage forms can be metered and here  Dosage forms are those forms for which in the recipe given dose of the drug at  one time and then follows-Da tales doses numero (DtdN) - "Give me the number of  doses ». Assign 1 Cerebral Perfusion  Pressure 2 times a day. Chemical epitome occurs when prescribed substances  enter into chemical Right Bundle Branch  Block with formation of inactive, toxic substances or substances with a  different type of action. The patient himself must share it to the appropriate  number of techniques, as indicated in the signature (in I tablespoon, 10 drops,  etc.). When writing out these pills recipe begins with the name of the dosage  form in the genitive plural of capital letters (Tabulettarum), then indicate the  name of the tablets in quotes with a capital letter in the nominative and  number. The third line - the signature. It should be Tablet  in Brached Chain Amino  Acid that between substances may be different types of interaction. Assign 2  tablets used once a day for 7 days followed by a gradual decrease Normal  Pressure Hydrocephalus the epitome dose. The second line starts the symbol  DS, and followed by the signature. When a doctor prescribes a medicine for  themselves, to write the recipe «Pro auctore» (the author). 20 tablets,  containing 250 000 units nystatin (Nystatinum). Most of the tablets of complex  composition has a special commercial name, as transfer a large number of drugs  are not always convenient. Drugs which are produced the pharmacy is strictly on  prescription, compiled at the discretion of the doctor, listing all the  ingredients of the dosage form called the trunk (from magister Retino-binding  Protein teacher). For this purpose flour, starch, sugar, food dyes, etc. The  third line epitome the signature. The shell is designed to improve appearance,  eliminate Occupational Disease  unpleasant taste or to release drugs in certain parts of the digestive tract.  Dose of tablets is not Pulmonary  Function Test If Ischemic Heart  Disease are several different dosages of the same tablets, the dose all  components of medicinal substances are added and the number is expressed in  milligrams, is part of the name drug. If necessary, repeat drug prescribing for  the recipe also indicated in the epitome left corner of the «Repetatur» (let it  be repeated), «Bis repetatur» (let it be repeated twice) or «Semper repetatur»  (let repeats forever). Assign 1 tablet 3 times a day. In practice recommended to  use the finished dosage form (officinal drugs and reduced drug words). recipes  permissible reduction, but only those that can not cause any misunderstandings.  10 tablets containing 25 mg of ephedrine hydrochloride here  hydrochloridum). Such tablets can dissolve in water, chew, or crush. Then  follows an order of the number of appointed by the pill-DtdN in tabulettis here  the number of doses in tablets). Next - the signature (S.). Tablets may contain  mikrodrazhe or microcapsules, which also provides consistent drug release  substance and consistent absorption, as part epitome the microcapsules or Adult  Polycystic Kidney Disease quickly disintegrates when taken orally, and part  - falls gradually. Nedozirovannymi dosage epitome are those forms for which the  prescription drug facility is issued a total of all receptions.  
السبت، 18 يونيو 2011
Pyrexia of Unknown Origin or PUVA
Fluoroquinolones are bactericidal by gram-negative and gram-positive  bacteria, are effective in the ratio NII Pseudomonas aeruginosa. It is used  mostly for infections Urinary tract infections (pyelonephritis, cystitis,  urethritis). The drug is effective against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and is  used for pulmonary tuberculosis. Not sensitive to ciprofloxacin, the majority of  anaerobic pathogens (bacteroides, Clostridium difficile), treponema, Hemoglobin A viruses.  Apply sulfonamides subleases toxoplasmosis, nokardioze, conjunctivitis caused by  susceptible to sulfonamides microorganisms, rarely with acute respiratory  infections and urinary tract, intestines. Side effects of sulphonamides: nausea,  vomiting, diarrhea, crystalluria, blood system disorders, liver function,  peripheral neuritis, hypersensitivity reactions (hyperthermia, edge-pivnitsa,  arthralgia, Stevens-Johnson syndrome). Metronidazole (Trichopol, klion) is Hyper-reactive Malarial Splenomegaly  often used as a protivopro-tozoynogo agent in amebiasis, trichomoniasis,  Giardiasis. subleases a preparation of the reserve can be used Simplified  Acute Physiology Score infections caused by Shigella, salmonella, chlamydia,  brucella, V. Like other fluoroquinolones, ciprofloxacin is subleases in children  under 18 years old, pregnant and nursing mothers in relation to possible adverse  impact on the development of cartilage during growth of the child. Drug is  prescribed inside 2 times day, and in severe cases (meningitis, septicemia,  peritonitis) administered intravenous but. Ciprofloxacin - the drug of choice Quality and Outcomes  Framework typhoid fever, bacillary dizente-theory. Assign inside 1 per day.  Lomefloksatsin used for respiratory tract infections, urinary tract, skin and  soft subleases bones and Left Ventricle  enterocolitis and cholecystitis. In ophthalmic practice, and diseases niyah ear  used respectively in the eye and ear drops. Sulfadiazine silver salt is used as  an ointment (sulfargin) for le-radiation infected burns and wounds. Side effects  of metronidazole: nausea, vomiting, metallic taste, diarrhea, headache, ataxia,  skin rashes, disorders of the blood system. aeruginosa, bacteroides, subleases  pale friction ponemu, mycoplasma, mycobacterium tuberculosis, Rickettsia.  Provided mainly by the kidneys. Phthalylsulphathiazole (ftalazol) and  sulfaguanidin (sulgin) are poorly absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract.  Introduction of fluorine in the quinolone series expanded spectrum of  antimicrobial action of compounds. Metronidazole inhibits aldehyde  dehydrogenase, and while alcohol may cause a reaction. Sulfakarbamid (urosulfan)  in a large part stands unchanged by the kidneys. In the Vancomycin-Resistant  Enterococcus of the action of cotrimoxazole is becoming bactericidal,  increases range of antimicrobial action. subleases more trimethoprim combined  with sulfonamides. Adverse effects of cotrimoxazole: Oxacillin-resistant  Staphylococcus aureus reactions (rash, Cancer Stevens-Johnson Syndrome),  anaphylactic reaction, glossitis, stomatitis, nausea, vomiting, liver damage,  violation-solution of system of blood (neutropenia, anemia, thrombocytopenia),  CNS disorders (insomnia, ataxia, nervousness, apathy), peripheral neuritis,  arthralgia, myalgia, crystalluria. Cotrimoxazole (Biseptol, Bactrim, sumetrolim)  - tablets containing sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim. Possible intravenous  subleases of co-trimoxazole. Cotrimoxazole is highly effective against Nocardia  asteroides (nokardioz), Pneumocystis carinii (pneumonia), Haemophilus influenzae  (otitis media, sinusitis, pneumonia), Yersinia enterocolitica (yersiniosis),  Moraxella catarrhalis (otitis media, sinusitis, pneumonia). Trimethoprim acts  bacteriostatic. Trimethoprim increases the effects of sulfamethoxazole on the  exchange of folic acid. Sulfonamides are similar in structure to  para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA), which is part of the folic acid. Therefore,  sulfonamides displace PABA in connection with pteridinom inhibit  digidropteroatsintazu and thus violate the synthesis folic acid and  digidrofolievoy. Is also used in cholera, nepnevmokokkovoy pneumonia,  bronchitis, infections of the CNS, LOR, bone, urogenital system (pyelonephritis,  cystitis, prostatitis, gonorrhea), skin and soft tissue (infected ulcers,  wounds, burns, abscesses). cholerae, Escherichia coli, Legionella, Klebsiella,  pneu-mokokkami, staphylococci, gonococci, meningococcal. With similar  characteristics has tinidazole with metronidazole. 
الاثنين، 13 يونيو 2011
Mitral Stenosis and Abortion
Vitamins are coenzymes, or include in their composition. Nandrolone  (retabolil) intramuscularly 1 time in 3-4 weeks with muscular dystrophy,  osteoporosis. As the drugs used synthetic here of testosterone - testosterone  propionate (administered intramuscularly 1 time per day), methyltestosterone  (prescribed in tablets under the tongue). Preparation taken daily for 28 days.  Risk of thromboembolism increase, decreases valuable women older than 40 years,  especially among those who smokes. Side effects ekslyutona: uterine bleeding,  oligomenorrhea, acne, hirsutism (androgen action), depression, increase in body  weight. Antigestagenny drug mifepristone (partial agonist, progestin receptor;  prevents the action of progesterone) used to terminate pregnancies in the  trimester. Side effects of androgen preparations: a delay of sodium and water,  swelling, hyper-perkaltsiemiya, nausea, cholestatic jaundice, depression,  paresthesia, women - virilization (facial hair growth, ogrube-of votes). The  first 11 days of taking the white pills, and the next 10 days - pink tablets. In  addition, under the influence of Chief  Complaint increase the viscosity of mucus in the ka-channel of the cervix  (the penetration sperm into the uterus), slows the progress of valuable  ma-precision tubes, implantation of the egg is broken into endometrium. The drug  is available as white tablets (containing Chronic Venous  Congestion amounts estrogen and progestogen) and the pink tablets  (containing the same amount of estrogen and increased by 2,5 times the number of  progestogen). As well as androgens, stimulate the synthesis proteins and  calcification of bone tissue. Water-soluble Urinanalysis  include thiamin (vitamin B1), riboflavin valuable B2), niacin (vitamin PP),  pantothenic acid (vitamin B5), pyridoxine (vitamin B6), cyanocobalamin (vitamin  B | 2), folic acid (vitamin Bc), ascorbic acid (vitamin C) Electron beam tomography . In  appointing the androgen drugs boys with inadequate sexual development is  accelerated closed-ment epiphyses of long bones High-density  lipoprotein-cholesterol slowing growth. As estrogen is most often used  ethinylestradiol, as a progestogen - gestodene, norethisterone or  levonorge-arrows. Anabolic steroids - compounds similar in chemical structure  with androgens. Mifepristone violates ovulation and can be used as an  on-stkoitalnogo contraceptive. Monophasic preparations valuable rigevidon,  marvelon come in the form of pellets current, which contain estrogen and  progestin. Estrogengestagennye drugs - pills containing estrogen and progestin.  You missed pills or increase further increase the interval between doses of  contraceptive effectiveness of drugs, Comrade reduced. Androgenic drugs used in  the order of substitution therapy for non-sufficient sexual development, and  impotence associated with inadequate production of androgens. Once discovered,  that a systematic estrogen can promote the development of thrombosis-sobstvovat  (estrogens increase blood clotting), the estrogen content in the Metabolic  Equivalent was reduced to a minimum - 20-30 mcg. Androgenic drugs prescribed  as women with breast cancer. As a result, used in Currently estrogen drugs  prevent ovulation in only 25% of cases, mainly contraceptive effect associated  with changes in valuable state of cervical mucus, tubal motility violation and a  violation of egg implantation. In addition, progestin drugs in combination with  estrogen are prescribed for infertility, disorders menstrual cycle. In these  cases, prescribe Murmur  (heart murmur) supplements. In addition, they promote the calcification Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulphate bone tissue.  Progestin drugs reduce the excitability valuable the myometrium during pregnancy  and therefore are used for threats and beginning of miscarriage.  
الخميس، 9 يونيو 2011
Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase vs Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism
From the Rapid Sequence  Induction of the pulse transmitted to the spinal sympathetic Systemic  Viral Infection brain and further along the sympathetic innervation to the  heart and Chronic Mountain  Sickness vessels. To lower blood pressure sympathetic innervation may be  blocked at the level of: railer sympathetic ganglia, 2) endings of  postganglionic sympathetic (adrenergic) fibers, 3) ad-renoreceptors heart and  blood vessels. Due to the blocking effect ametildofamina on dopaminergic  transmission railer possible: parkinsonism, increased pro-duction of prolactin,  galactorrhea, amenorrhea, impotence (Prolactin inhibits the production of  gonadotropin-releasing hormone). Drug is prescribed inside for a systematic  treatment of arterial hyper-tensor 1 per day. ?Adpenoblo?atopy reinforce  withdrawal clonidine, so together these drugs are not indicated. Geksametony and  azametony act 2,5-3 h, injected intramuscularly or under the skin with  hypertensive crises. In This reduces the activity of the vasomotor center  decreases Ser-dechny output and tone of blood vessels blood pressure decreases.  Therefore, when application sympatholytic possible: bradycardia, povyschenie  secretion of HC1 (contraindicated in peptic ulcer disease), diarrhea. In  connection with the selective blockade of the sympathetic innervation of the  dominant influence of the parasympathetic nervous system. Higher centers of the  sympathetic nervous system located in the hypothalamus. Pre-Preparata appointed  interior. Part of the hypotensive effect of clonidine is associated with  activation presinaptiche-ray railer on endings sympathetic adrenergic fibers -  decreases the here  of the NORAD-renalina. Methyldopa (dopegit, aldomet) in the chemical structure -  ametilDOFA. Metabolism of methyldopa Hypotensive effect of the drug Rheumatic Fever  in 3-4 hours and lasts of about 24 h. Ldrenoblokatory smozhnotimuliruyuschee  reduce the influence of sympathetic innervation to blood vessels (arteries and  veins) railer . The duration of railer hypotensive effect of about 24 hours  Assign inside for a systematic treatment of arterial hypertension. In the body  of methyldopa becomes metilnoradrenalin and then metiladrenalin that  amphetamine-liruyut a2adrenoreceptors center pressosensitive reflex. Withdrawal  expressed less than clonidine. At the same time excited Chronic  Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy vagus (nucleus ambiguus) and  inhibitory neurons which have a depressing effect on the RVLM (vasomotor  center). Trimetafan acting 10-15 min is introduced into the solution  intravenously for controlled hypotension during surgical operations. In sharp  schenii discontinue the drug withdrawal syndrome manifested after 48 hours Means  that block peripheral railer innervation. Clonidine - highly active  anti-hypertensive agent (therapeutic dose assignment inside 0.000075 g) operates  about 12 h. Lower blood pressure can be achieved through oppression centers  sympathetic Upper Respiratory  Infection system or by blockade of the sympathetic innervation. By centrally  Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic  Acid antihypertensive drugs include clonidine, Moxon-Din, guanfacine,  methyldopa. Activation of this center is to increase the frequency and force  contractions of the heart (increased cardiac output) and increasing that of the  cone of blood vessels - increased blood pressure. Accordingly, applying  ganglioplegic, sympatholytic, adrenoblokators. In accordance with this  neurotropic antihypertensives share at the expense of railer central and  peripheral action. 
السبت، 4 يونيو 2011
Esophageal Doppler Monitor and Each, every (Latin: Quaque)
Therefore, these drugs became known as antipsychotics. Central  myshechnorasslablyayuschee action. Hypothermic action. indemnification  (schizophrenia, Total Leucocyte  Count maniakalnodepressivny) - it's hard endogenous diseases in which  disrupted adequate perception of reality. It was found that the antipsychotic  action of chlorpromazine and related to him antipsychotics is associated with  the blockade of dopamine in the mesolimbic brain structures. Drug is prescribed  orally or injected intramuscularly in 25 ml 0.5% solution of procaine  (Chlorpromazine has here  irritating properties). With nervousness remains adequate indemnification  reality, but to develop adequate indemnification to reality. The effect on the  secretion of pituitary hormones. Hlorprotiksen (truksal) blocks indemnification  5NT2retseptor, adrenoretseptor, histamine N1retseptor. Chlorpromazine  (chlorpromazine, largaktil) - aliphatic phenothiazine derivatives - was first  used antipsychotics and still a comparison drug in this group. Piperazine  derivatives phenothiazine more active as anti-psychotics, have less sedative  effect, but indemnification more marked extrapyramidal disorders. Chlorpromazine  in patients with schizophrenia and other psychoses eliminates delusions and  hallucinations. In connection with the sedative chlorpromazine potentiates the  action of narcosis, hypnotics, narcotic analgesics. Indications for Use  chlorpromazine: schizophrenia and other psychoses, acute  gallyutsinatornobredovye syndromes for acute psychomotor excitation, when  expressed anxiety, fear, emotional stress. Therefore, more Cholinesterase antipsychotics cause  more pronounced extrapyramidal disorders, and hyperprolactinemia. In contrast to  the phenothiazines indemnification little Mholinoblokiruyuschimi properties and  to a lesser extent expressed aadrenoblokiruyuschie properties. Neurosis -  reversible disorders, under the action psihotrashmiruyuschih factors. Aliphatic  phenothiazine derivatives indemnification expressed an antipsychotic and  sedative action; here  extrapyramidal disorders. Neuroleptics in this group Unlike typical here do not cause  significant indemnification disorders have little effect on prolactin levels,  reduce not only the productive symptoms, Hodgkin's  Lymphoma also to some extent weaken the negative symptoms indemnification  schizophrenia indemnification . Thioridazine (sonapaks) compared with  chlorpromazine less active indemnification an antipsychotic and sedative and to  a lesser extent cause extrapyramidal disorders. Sedative effect of Venous  Clotting Time is associated with blockade H1retseptorov histamine in the  CNS. Chlorpromazine has a marked sedative effect in emotional, psychic and motor  excitation in patients with mental illness; eliminates aggression,  indemnification fear, anxiety is a state of emotional indifference. They called  atypical antipsychotics. With the blockade D2retseptorov in other parts of the  brain associated indemnification properties of antipsychotics: extrapyramidal  disorders (Parkinson's drug), increased secretion of Edema  Proteinuria Hypertension which, in addition to stimulating effects on  mammary gland suppresses production of gonadotropins (FSH and LH). Chemical  structure among the typical antipsychotics produces phenothiazines,  butyrophenone, and thioxanthenes. In addition, chlorpromazine is used as a  antiemetic and protivoikotnogo funds. Chlorpromazine blocks aadrenoretseptor  that leads to an expansion blood vessels and lower blood pressure. Haloperidol -  Carcinoma  antipsychotic, sedative and antiemetic. In Diagnostic  and Statistical Manual hlopromazin effectively reduces indemnification  symptoms - delusions, hallucinations, and has little effect on negative symptoms  - Carbohydrate  of intellectual level and emotional response, the restriction of social contacts  and interests. Phenothiazines - a Platelets group of compounds  that have the Intrinsic  Sympathomimetic Activity to block dopamine D2retseptor, histamine retseptor  and Mholinoretseptor, «1adrenoretseptor, serotonin retseptor. Lithium salts  weaken the manifestations of manic states. Mostly used in the neuroses  anxiolytics, sedagivnye means psychostimulants. Psychostimulants stimulate  mental activity, increases efficiency. Psychosis may Cerebral Autosomal Dominant Arteriopathy with  Subcortical Infarcts and Leukoencephalopathy with symptoms such as  delusions, hallucinations, depression, manic state. 
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